To obtain a well-rounded concept of your character’s personality, analyze both his internal and external qualities.
The internal aspects include the following :
* Background
* Mental characteristic
* Spiritual or moral qualities
* Emotional Characteristic
The external aspects include following :
* Voice
* Posture
* Movement and gesture
* Mannerisms
* Dress
* Motivating Desiress
Four types of characterization:
* Physical description.
* Speech and actions.
* Direct comment from the narrator.
* Speech and actions of other characters.
Four types of characters:
* Round: A complex and fully developed character.
* Dynamic: A character that develops throughout the story.
* Flat: A character described by one or two traits.
* Static: A character that does not change from the beginning of the story to its end.
Five ways to analyze characters:
* Motivation: What causes the character to act?
* Behaviour: What does the character do?
* Consequences: What results from the character’s behaviour?
* Responsibility: Is the character held accountable for his/her actions?
* Expectations: Are the reader’s expectations fulfilled or challenged? Why is this so?
News item text is a factual text which inform reader or daily newspaper about events of the day which are regarder as newsworth or important.
The generic structure of News item :
Headline.
Correspondence.
Newsworthy events :
Recounts the event in summary form.
Background events :
Elaborate what happened, to whom, in what circumstances.
Sources :
Comments by participants in, witness to and authorities expert on the event.
Linguistic features :
o Action verbs.
o Verbal verbs.
o Mental verbs.
o Temporal circumstances.
o Spatial circumstances.
o Specific participants.
Example of News item :
>Shark Savages Creek Swimmer
By John Orr and AAP
A Gold Coast man was recovering in hospital last night after a shark bit him in his buttocks and right leg when he went for a moonlit swim in a canal.
Mr. Craig Coleman, 26 needed about 200 stitches and is awaiting plastic surgery.
He went for a swim in little Tallebudgera Creek and adjoining canals to “cool off” late on Saturday night.
He “dog-paddled” halfway accros the stream and while having a breather, a shark, estimated, to be 1.8m long, “took a liking to him”.
“I never got a look at him-who would have thought there would be sharks in the river,” Mr. Coleman said yesterday.
He was the second person to be attacked by a shark in the Mermaid Waters canal in the past 12 months.
A 10 years-old boy was attacked late last year only metres from where Mr. Coleman was bitten.
Mr. Coleman said he was unaware of previous shark attacks in Gold Coast waterways as he had recently moved there from Sydney.
The generic structure of News item :
Headline.
Correspondence.
Newsworthy events :
Recounts the event in summary form.
Background events :
Elaborate what happened, to whom, in what circumstances.
Sources :
Comments by participants in, witness to and authorities expert on the event.
Linguistic features :
o Action verbs.
o Verbal verbs.
o Mental verbs.
o Temporal circumstances.
o Spatial circumstances.
o Specific participants.
Example of News item :
>Shark Savages Creek Swimmer
By John Orr and AAP
A Gold Coast man was recovering in hospital last night after a shark bit him in his buttocks and right leg when he went for a moonlit swim in a canal.
Mr. Craig Coleman, 26 needed about 200 stitches and is awaiting plastic surgery.
He went for a swim in little Tallebudgera Creek and adjoining canals to “cool off” late on Saturday night.
He “dog-paddled” halfway accros the stream and while having a breather, a shark, estimated, to be 1.8m long, “took a liking to him”.
“I never got a look at him-who would have thought there would be sharks in the river,” Mr. Coleman said yesterday.
He was the second person to be attacked by a shark in the Mermaid Waters canal in the past 12 months.
A 10 years-old boy was attacked late last year only metres from where Mr. Coleman was bitten.
Mr. Coleman said he was unaware of previous shark attacks in Gold Coast waterways as he had recently moved there from Sydney.
• Definition : a descriptive text is a text which describes a particular ( specific ) person, place or thing.
• Descriptive text has a generic structure, those are:
1. Identification: It will say something interesting of the specific participation, so the readers are convinced to read the text.
2. Description: It should be specific, in order to help the readers to build a visualization image of whatever you are describing. It explain of parts of something, qualities, characteristics of a person or a thing.
• Descriptive text has a generic structure, those are:
1. Identification: It will say something interesting of the specific participation, so the readers are convinced to read the text.
2. Description: It should be specific, in order to help the readers to build a visualization image of whatever you are describing. It explain of parts of something, qualities, characteristics of a person or a thing.
A preposition is a word or groups of words used before a noun or a pronoun to show place, position, time or method.
at
PRECISE TIME
at 3 o’clock
at 10.30am
at noon
at dinnertime
at bedtime
at sunrise
at sunset
at the moment
in
MONTHS, YEARS, CENTURIES and LONG PERIODS
in May
in summer
in the summer
in 1990
in the 1990s
in the next century
in the Ice Age
in the past/future
on
DAYS and DATES
on Sunday
on Tuesdays
on 6 March
on 25 Dec. 2010
on Christmas Day
on Independence Day
on my birthday
on New Year’s Eve
Look at these examples:
I have a meeting at 9am.
The shop closes at midnight.
Jane went home at lunchtime.
In England, it often snows in December.
Do you think we will go to Jupiter in the future?
There should be a lot of progress in the next century.
Do you work on Mondays?
Her birthday is on 20 November.
Where will you be on New Year’s Day?
Notice the use of the preposition of time at in the following standard expressions:
Expression -Example
at night -The stars shine at night.
at the weekend -I don’t usually work at the weekend.
at Christmas/Easter -I stay with my family at Christmas.
at the same time -We finished the test at the same time.
at present -He’s not home at present. Try later.
Notice the use of the prepositions of time in and on in these common expressions:
In
in the morning
in the mornings
in the afternoon(s)
in the evening(s)
on Tuesday morning
on Saturday mornings
on Sunday afternoons
on Sunday evening
When we say last, next, every, this we do not also use at, in, on.
I went to London last June. (not in last June)
He’s coming back next Tuesday. (not on next Tuesday)
I go home every Easter. (not at every Easter)
We’ll call you this evening. (not in this evening)
at
PRECISE TIME
at 3 o’clock
at 10.30am
at noon
at dinnertime
at bedtime
at sunrise
at sunset
at the moment
in
MONTHS, YEARS, CENTURIES and LONG PERIODS
in May
in summer
in the summer
in 1990
in the 1990s
in the next century
in the Ice Age
in the past/future
on
DAYS and DATES
on Sunday
on Tuesdays
on 6 March
on 25 Dec. 2010
on Christmas Day
on Independence Day
on my birthday
on New Year’s Eve
Look at these examples:
I have a meeting at 9am.
The shop closes at midnight.
Jane went home at lunchtime.
In England, it often snows in December.
Do you think we will go to Jupiter in the future?
There should be a lot of progress in the next century.
Do you work on Mondays?
Her birthday is on 20 November.
Where will you be on New Year’s Day?
Notice the use of the preposition of time at in the following standard expressions:
Expression -Example
at night -The stars shine at night.
at the weekend -I don’t usually work at the weekend.
at Christmas/Easter -I stay with my family at Christmas.
at the same time -We finished the test at the same time.
at present -He’s not home at present. Try later.
Notice the use of the prepositions of time in and on in these common expressions:
In
in the morning
in the mornings
in the afternoon(s)
in the evening(s)
on Tuesday morning
on Saturday mornings
on Sunday afternoons
on Sunday evening
When we say last, next, every, this we do not also use at, in, on.
I went to London last June. (not in last June)
He’s coming back next Tuesday. (not on next Tuesday)
I go home every Easter. (not at every Easter)
We’ll call you this evening. (not in this evening)
Definition
The making available of a new securities issue to the public through an underwriting. also called public offering.
Ways to say it
* Would you like a cup of tea, Mr malik?
* Should I get you a bottle of water?
* Could I offer you a glass of milk, Mr. gery?
* Would you care some candy?
In the following dialogue is given some examples of expressions when we are going to offer something to someone else.
A: Here. Have a cookie.
B: Thanks
A: Would you like some cake?
B: No thank you. It looks delicious though
A: How about a glass of coffee?
B: Thanks, but I don’t drink coffee.
A: What will you have (to drink)?
B: Manggo juice will be fine.
A: Would you like some more pie?
B: Sure. It’s really good. Did you bake it yourself?
A: Can I get you some milk or something?
B: Well, a glass of water would be okay.
A: Here. Have a cookie.
B: Thanks.
A: Would you like some pie?
B: No thank you. It looks delicious though.
A:How about a glass of wine?
B:thanks, but I don't drink (alcohol).
A: What will you have (to drink)?
B: Orange juice will be fine.
A:Would you like some more cake?
B:Sure. It's really good. Did you bake it yourself ?
A:Can I get you some milk or something?
B:Well, a glass of water would be okay.
The making available of a new securities issue to the public through an underwriting. also called public offering.
Ways to say it
* Would you like a cup of tea, Mr malik?
* Should I get you a bottle of water?
* Could I offer you a glass of milk, Mr. gery?
* Would you care some candy?
In the following dialogue is given some examples of expressions when we are going to offer something to someone else.
A: Here. Have a cookie.
B: Thanks
A: Would you like some cake?
B: No thank you. It looks delicious though
A: How about a glass of coffee?
B: Thanks, but I don’t drink coffee.
A: What will you have (to drink)?
B: Manggo juice will be fine.
A: Would you like some more pie?
B: Sure. It’s really good. Did you bake it yourself?
A: Can I get you some milk or something?
B: Well, a glass of water would be okay.
A: Here. Have a cookie.
B: Thanks.
A: Would you like some pie?
B: No thank you. It looks delicious though.
A:How about a glass of wine?
B:thanks, but I don't drink (alcohol).
A: What will you have (to drink)?
B: Orange juice will be fine.
A:Would you like some more cake?
B:Sure. It's really good. Did you bake it yourself ?
A:Can I get you some milk or something?
B:Well, a glass of water would be okay.
Some one A : loe ingat gak ultah gue ???
some one B : gak tuh.... buat apa diingat, munk loe siapa ???
Some one A : :'(
Formal expressions:
Ø I wonder if you remember.....
Ø You remember...., don’t you?
Ø You haven’t forgotten...., have you?
Ø Don’t you remember.....?
Ø Do you happen to remember it now?
Ways to respond:
Ø Let me think, yes, I remember.
Ø I remember especially the scenery.
Ø I’ll never forget that
Ø I’ll always remember.
Ø I can remember it clearly.
Informal expressions:
Ø Remember the old house we used to live in?
Ø Remember that?
Ø I’m sorry I don’t remember
Ways to respond:
Hold on. Yes, got it!
I know.....
It’s coming back to me now.
Respond if you forget:
Sorry, I’ve completely forgotten.
I’m affraid I forget.
I really can’t remember.
I’m afraid I have no memory of him
Errr, let me think. No, it’s gone.
Sorry, it slipped off my mind.
some one B : gak tuh.... buat apa diingat, munk loe siapa ???
Some one A : :'(
Formal expressions:
Ø I wonder if you remember.....
Ø You remember...., don’t you?
Ø You haven’t forgotten...., have you?
Ø Don’t you remember.....?
Ø Do you happen to remember it now?
Ways to respond:
Ø Let me think, yes, I remember.
Ø I remember especially the scenery.
Ø I’ll never forget that
Ø I’ll always remember.
Ø I can remember it clearly.
Informal expressions:
Ø Remember the old house we used to live in?
Ø Remember that?
Ø I’m sorry I don’t remember
Ways to respond:
Hold on. Yes, got it!
I know.....
It’s coming back to me now.
Respond if you forget:
Sorry, I’ve completely forgotten.
I’m affraid I forget.
I really can’t remember.
I’m afraid I have no memory of him
Errr, let me think. No, it’s gone.
Sorry, it slipped off my mind.
